Similar huge rainfalls are a feature of eastern Spain, where hills rise abruptly from the sea. DonвЂ™t know what it was in Scotland at that timeвЂ¦ where all this man-made CO2 will soon be discussed and вЂњurgentвЂќ action will be again be strongly recommended. Weeks of cloudless scorching days have played havoc with the crops which were in progress when the heat wave beganвЂќ.ДЄtmospheric CO2? About 280 ppm. Agriculture is the chief sufferer from the heat and drought and no alleviation appears in sight. The principal damage caused by the heat wave is the protracted period of drought which accompanies it. The extremely high humidity has practically brought active business to a standstill, and has caused many deaths and heat exhaustions. For several weeks the heat has increased until the past week the temperature has been up in the high nineties for day after day, and unofficial reports of over 100В° have been frequent. An unprecedented heat wave continued to develop in its intensity of heat and in length of its duration. The principal phenomena which prevailed was the intensely hot weather. An unprecedented heat wave continued to develop in its intensity of heat and in its length and duration.

The principal phenomenonвЂ¦was the intensely hot weather. It was reported in the news media at the timeвЂ¦ With respect to Italy (back when CO2 was effectively pre-industrial), they had a drought in 1921 that was also widespread in Europe. Once again then, the Washington Post has grossly misled its readers. The same topography ensures that these storms often get stuck in one place, unable to move further inland. As soon as it it hits Liguria, the air mass is forced thousands of feet upwards, rapidly dumping massive amounts of rain. In autumn, the seas are still very warm, so any storm coming up from the south will draw in a lot of warm, moist air. The mountains surrounding it are much higher still. Rossiglione for instance is just 10 miles from the coast, but is 1000 feet up. The Ligurian coastline rises very quickly in altitude from the Mediterranean. Note my highlight, that these sorts of rains are typical of Liguria, particularly in autumn. The Wikipedia article referred to translates as:

So we now know that this monthвЂ™s deluge was not unprecedented after all. We have had exactly the same story here, with the Met Office regularly claiming вЂњrecord rainfallsвЂќ at places like Honister Pass, high up in the Lake District, which was only opened up in the 1990s.Д«ut even more significantly our Italian expert points to a much higher rainfall in 1970. Claims of a 12-hour record are therefore meaningless.ДЇurthermore many new sites have been added recently in mountainous locations, which inevitably tend to experience extreme rainfall.

It is only recently that automatic gauges were introduced that could take hourly readings. Very few weather stations anywhere in the world measured anything other than daily rainfall in the past. On the face of it, this appears to be an unbelievable amount of rainfall, just what the Washington Post want you to believe.ДЇortunately though, there are local experts who know otherwise: ItвЂ™s several times the average October rainfall of 6 to 7 inches. The amount of rain that came down in 12 hours is more than half the typical amount of rain that falls in the region over an entire year, which is just over 50 inches. It marked the greatest 12-hour rainfall on record in Europe, according to Maximiliano Herrera, a climatologist who specializes in world weather extremes.Д®xtreme weather tormenting the planet will worsen because of global warming, U.N. In just 12 hours, 29.2 inches of rain fell in Rossiglione in ItalyвЂ™s Genoa province, roughly 65 miles south-southwest of Milan and 10 miles north of the Mediterranean coastline. ItвЂ™s the latest extreme rain event supercharged by climate change that follows a summer of historic deluges in the Northern Hemisphere.

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